Demystifying Automated Trading: A Python Walk-through with OpenAI
The allure of automated trading systems, where automated systems make investment decisions based on complex calculations, has captivated the financial world. This article delves into a Python code walkthrough of a rudimentary algorithmic trading "bot" that leverages OpenAI to analyze sentiment and integrates technical indicators. While not a production-ready system, it serves as a valuable springboard for understanding how AI could be incorporated into trading strategies.
Find out why TradingView is quickest path to auto trading
The Power of Python:
Python, renowned for its readability and extensive libraries, is a popular choice for algorithmic trading. The code we'll explore utilizes various Python libraries to achieve its functionalities:
OpenAI: This library provides access to OpenAI's powerful API, allowing the code to interact with OpenAI's language models for sentiment analysis on trading-related data.
Technical Analysis Libraries: These libraries, like TA-Lib or pandas-TA, offer a plethora of technical indicators for analyzing historical price and volume data.
Exploring the Code:
Data Acquisition: The code likely starts by fetching relevant market data. This could involve historical price and volume data for a specific security or index. APIs provided by financial data providers or web scraping techniques might be employed for this purpose.
Technical Indicator Calculations: The code then calculates various technical indicators based on the acquired data. Popular choices include:
Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD): This indicator identifies potential trend reversals by analyzing the relationship between two moving averages.
Relative Strength Index (RSI): The RSI measures the momentum of price movements and helps identify overbought or oversold conditions.
Bollinger Bands: These bands represent a range of volatility around a moving average. Prices breaking above or below the bands can indicate potential trend continuation or reversal.
Sentiment Analysis with OpenAI: Here's where the code gets interesting. It leverages OpenAI's API to analyze relevant news articles, social media posts, or other textual data related to the chosen security or market. By feeding this data into an OpenAI language model, the code can extract sentiment - positive, negative, or neutral - surrounding the asset.
Data Integration and Decision Making: The code likely combines the technical indicator values with the sentiment score from OpenAI. This combined data can then be used to formulate a trading signal. For instance, the code might:
Buy if the technical indicators suggest a bullish trend and the sentiment analysis is positive.
Sell if the technical indicators point towards a bearish trend and the sentiment leans negative.
Hold if the signals are conflicting or unclear.
Limitations and Considerations:
While this approach offers a glimpse into the potential of AI-powered trading, several limitations exist:
Data Quality: The accuracy of both historical market data and sentiment analysis heavily influences the trading signals generated.
Market Volatility: Algorithmic models often struggle during periods of high volatility when historical patterns may not hold true.
Regulatory Landscape: Algorithmic trading regulations are constantly evolving, and compliance is crucial.
Beyond the Code:
This code walkthrough serves as a stepping stone. Here are some additional considerations for building more robust algorithmic trading systems:
Backtesting: Before deploying any trading bot, rigorous backtesting on historical data is essential to assess its potential performance.
Risk Management: Implementing robust risk management strategies, including stop-loss orders and position sizing, is critical to protect capital.
Continuous Learning: Algorithmic models need to adapt to changing market conditions. Techniques like machine learning can be employed to continuously refine the model's decision-making capabilities.
Conclusion:
Algorithmic trading presents exciting possibilities, but it's not a magic bullet. The Python code walkthrough explored here demonstrates how OpenAI and technical indicators can be combined to generate trading signals. However, a deep understanding of the financial markets, risk management principles, and ongoing refinement are essential for success in this complex domain.
Video here as it is so 'safe' on Youtube
Rerecoded as a new version
import os
import openai
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from datetime import datetime
import json
from alpha_vantage.timeseries import TimeSeries
import sqlite3
from time import sleep
# Set your OpenAI and Alpha Vantage API keys
os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = ''
openai.api_key = os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY")
alpha_vantage_api_key = "" # Replace with your Alpha Vantage API key
# Database connection
def create_connection(db_file):
conn = None
try:
conn = sqlite3.connect(db_file)
print(f"Connected to SQLite database {db_file}")
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error connecting to database: {e}")
return conn
def create_table(conn):
try:
c = conn.cursor()
c.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS stock_data (
timestamp TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
open REAL,
high REAL,
low REAL,
close REAL,
volume INTEGER,
macd REAL,
macd_signal REAL,
rsi REAL,
bollinger_high REAL,
bollinger_low REAL,
signal INTEGER
)''')
conn.commit()
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error creating table: {e}")
def save_to_database(conn, data):
try:
cursor = conn.cursor()
for index, row in data.iterrows():
cursor.execute("""
INSERT OR IGNORE INTO stock_data (timestamp, open, high, low, close, volume, macd, macd_signal, rsi, bollinger_high, bollinger_low, signal)
VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
""", (
index.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), # Format the timestamp
float(row['open']),
float(row['high']),
float(row['low']),
float(row['close']),
int(row['volume']),
float(row['macd']),
float(row['macd_signal']),
float(row['rsi']),
float(row['bollinger_high']),
float(row['bollinger_low']),
int(row.get('signal', None)) if row.get('signal', None) is not None else None
))
conn.commit()
print("Data saved to database.")
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error saving data to database: {e}")
# Fetch 60-minute intraday stock data from Alpha Vantage
def fetch_60min_data_from_alpha_vantage(ticker):
ts = TimeSeries(key=alpha_vantage_api_key, output_format='pandas')
try:
data, meta_data = ts.get_intraday(symbol=ticker, interval='60min', outputsize='full')
data.rename(columns={
"1. open": "open",
"2. high": "high",
"3. low": "low",
"4. close": "close",
"5. volume": "volume"
}, inplace=True)
data = data[['open', 'high', 'low', 'close', 'volume']]
return data
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error fetching 60-minute intraday stock data from Alpha Vantage: {e}")
return None
# Handle missing data by filling or interpolating
def handle_missing_data(data):
data = data.sort_index()
data = data.resample('60T').ffill() # Forward fill missing data points
return data
# Calculate technical indicators
def calculate_technical_indicators(data, params):
# MACD
short_ema = data['close'].ewm(span=params['macd']['short_ema'], adjust=False).mean()
long_ema = data['close'].ewm(span=params['macd']['long_ema'], adjust=False).mean()
data['macd'] = short_ema - long_ema
data['macd_signal'] = data['macd'].ewm(span=params['macd']['signal_line'], adjust=False).mean()
# RSI
delta = data['close'].diff()
gain = (delta.where(delta > 0, 0)).rolling(window=params['rsi']['period']).mean()
loss = (-delta.where(delta < 0, 0)).rolling(window=params['rsi']['period']).mean()
rs = gain / loss
data['rsi'] = 100 - (100 / (1 + rs))
# Bollinger Bands
rolling_mean = data['close'].rolling(window=params['bollinger_bands']['period']).mean()
rolling_std = data['close'].rolling(window=params['bollinger_bands']['period']).std()
data['bollinger_high'] = rolling_mean + (rolling_std * params['bollinger_bands']['standard_deviation'])
data['bollinger_low'] = rolling_mean - (rolling_std * params['bollinger_bands']['standard_deviation'])
return data
# Generate trading signals based on optimized parameters using OpenAI
def generate_trading_signals(data, params):
recent_data = data.tail(50) # Only use the most recent 50 data points to stay within token limits
data_json = recent_data.reset_index().to_json(orient='records', date_format='iso') # Include timestamps
params_json = json.dumps(params)
prompt = (
f"Given the following stock data with technical indicators in JSON format:\n{data_json}\n"
f"and the following optimized parameters for the technical indicators:\n{params_json}\n"
"Generate trading signals based on the following conditions:\n"
"- Buy signal (1) if MACD crosses above the MACD signal line, RSI is below 30, or the closing price crosses above the lower Bollinger Band.\n"
"- Sell signal (-1) if MACD crosses below the MACD signal line, RSI is above 70, or the closing price crosses below the upper Bollinger Band.\n"
"Also, provide exit points based on the generated signals. Provide the output in JSON format with the structure:\n"
"[\n"
" {\"timestamp\": \"YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS\", \"signal\": 1/-1, \"exit\": \"YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS\"},\n"
" ...\n"
"]"
"Ensure the timestamps are in chronological order and valid."
)
try:
response = openai.ChatCompletion.create(
model="gpt-4",
messages=[
{"role": "system", "content": "You are a financial expert."},
{"role": "user", "content": prompt}
],
max_tokens=1500
)
signals_text = response['choices'][0]['message']['content'].strip()
print(f"Raw response from OpenAI: {signals_text}")
# Extract JSON from the response
start_index = signals_text.find("[")
end_index = signals_text.rfind("]") + 1
signals_json = signals_text[start_index:end_index]
signals = json.loads(signals_json)
# Sort signals by timestamp to ensure chronological order
signals = sorted(signals, key=lambda x: x['timestamp'])
# Add exit points based on the next signal's timestamp
for i in range(len(signals) - 1):
signals[i]['exit'] = signals[i + 1]['timestamp']
signals[-1]['exit'] = None # Last signal has no exit point
return signals
except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
print(f"Error parsing signals: {e}")
print(f"Response from OpenAI: {signals_text}")
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error fetching trading signals from OpenAI: {e}")
return None
# Execute trades based on signals
def execute_trades(signals, current_position):
for signal in signals:
timestamp = pd.to_datetime(signal['timestamp'])
# Check if the signal timestamp is within market hours
if timestamp.time() >= datetime.strptime("09:30", "%H:%M").time() and timestamp.time() <= datetime.strptime("16:00", "%H:%M").time():
if signal['signal'] == 1 and current_position == 0:
print(f"Executing buy trade at {signal['timestamp']}")
current_position = 1 # Enter long position
elif signal['signal'] == -1 and current_position == 1:
print(f"Executing sell trade at {signal['timestamp']}")
current_position = 0 # Exit long position
elif signal['signal'] == -1 and current_position == 0:
print(f"Executing short trade at {signal['timestamp']}")
current_position = -1 # Enter short position
elif signal['signal'] == 1 and current_position == -1:
print(f"Executing cover trade at {signal['timestamp']}")
current_position = 0 # Exit short position
return current_position
# Main function to execute the script
def main():
ticker = 'IBM' # Specify the ticker for IBM
db_file = 'stock_data.db' # Database file
# Create database connection and table
conn = create_connection(db_file)
create_table(conn)
# Initial parameters for technical indicators (you can fetch these from OpenAI if desired)
initial_params = {
"macd": {"short_ema": 12, "long_ema": 26, "signal_line": 9},
"rsi": {"period": 14},
"bollinger_bands": {"period": 20, "standard_deviation": 2}
}
current_position = 0 # 0 = no position, 1 = long, -1 = short
while True:
print(f"Fetching latest intraday stock data for {ticker}...")
new_data = fetch_60min_data_from_alpha_vantage(ticker)
if new_data is None:
print("Failed to fetch new stock data. Retrying in an hour...")
sleep(3600) # Wait for an hour before retrying
continue
# Handle missing data
new_data = handle_missing_data(new_data)
# Calculate technical indicators for the new data
new_data_with_indicators = calculate_technical_indicators(new_data, initial_params)
# Generate trading signals and exit points using OpenAI
signals = generate_trading_signals(new_data_with_indicators, initial_params)
if signals is None:
print("Failed to generate trading signals. Retrying in an hour...")
sleep(3600) # Wait for an hour before retrying
continue
# Update database with new data and signals
save_to_database(conn, new_data_with_indicators)
# Execute trades based on signals
current_position = execute_trades(signals, current_position)
print("Waiting for the next update...")
sleep(3600) # Wait for an hour before fetching new data
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
Comments